Calibration Terms
Calibration Terms:
A-D
E-L
M-Z Effective
Mass: The mass of a body which is being acted upon by the
buoyant forces of air. The effective mass of a weight is its
true mass minus the buoyant force of air displaced by the
weight. Effective Value (RMS): The alternating current
value that will produce the same amount of heat in a
resistance as the corresponding direct current value.
Efficiency: The ration of useful output energy, usually
expressed as a percentage. Effluent: Liquid that has
passed through a processing operation. Elastic
Element: The material of which the transducer is
constructed, generally selected for its good elastic
properties. Electrical Relay: Employs a solenoid to
provide mechanical action to move a varying number of
electrical contacts back and forth or on and off.
Electronic Switch: An electric circuit designed to cause a
start and stop action or a switching action.
Electrostatic Field: The region surrounding an electric
charge in which another charge experiences a force.
Element: A quality of product,
material, or service forming a cohesive entity on which a
measurement or observation may be made.
Empirical: Based on actual measurement, observation, or
experience without regard to science and theory.
Endoergic Reaction: A reaction which absorbs energy.
ERG: A CGS unit of work or energy. Error (of
measurement): The result of a measurement minus the true
value of the measurnand. Exoergic Reaction: The
reaction which liberates energy. Explosion-Proof (XPRF)
Motor: A totally enclosed motor that will withstand an
explosion of a specific vapor or gas within its housing, or
will prevent sparks or flashes generated within its housing
from igniting surrounding vapor or gas. Factory
Calibration: The tuning or altering of a control device by
the manufacture to bring it into specification.
Fahrenheit Scale: A temperature scale that defines the
freezing point of water as 32 degrees and the boiling point
of water a 212 degrees. Fixed Point: The point where
all heat energy applies or removed is used to change the
state of a substance. Flux: (1) A material used to
promote fusion or joining of metals in soldering, welding,
or smelting. (2) A general term used to designate
collectively all the electric or magnetic lines of force in
a region. Force: A push or pull which produces or
prevents motion or has a tendency to do so. Force
Measurement Device: Any device which a quantitative
determination of an applied force can be made. Forced
Vibration: The motion caused by some mechanical excitation.
Free Vibration: Vibration that occurs without forcing.
Frequency: The number of recurrences of a periodic
phenomenon. Frequency Meter: An instrument for
measuring the frequency of an AC signal. Full Scale
Output (FSO): The output at rated capacity minus the output
at zero applied force. Fundamental Method of
Measurement: The method of measurement in which the value of
a measurand is obtained by measurement of the appropriate
base quantities. Fundamental Mode of Vibration: The
lowest natural frequency. Function Tests: Function
test often duplicates unit test activities sincefunction
testers do not assume that unit test is adequately done.
Gage: A measuring instrument for measuring and
indicating a quantity. Gage Block: A block of alloy steel with two gaging surfaces.
Gain: Ratio of output voltage,
current, or power to input voltage current or power.
Galvanometer: Meter for detecting or comparing or measuring
small electric currents. Gamma Ray: Electromagnetic
radiation emitted during radioactive decay and having an
extremely short wavelength. Gas: The state of matter
that has no definite shape of volume. Gauge Factor:
The sensitivity of the strain gauge. Gauge Pressure
(psig): A measure of the force per area exerted by a fluid
using atmospheric pressure as a zero reference.
Gauss:
Unit of magnetic induction.
Go and No-Go Gages: Gages that do not measure actual size
but merely determine whether parts are within specified
limits. Grain: A measure of mass in the English
gravitational system equal to 1/7000th pound. Gram: A
metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram.
Gram-Atomic Weight: The quantity of an element whose
weight in grams is numerically equal to the atomic weight of
the element. Gram-Molecular Weight (Gram-Mole): The
relative molecular weight of a compound, expressed in grams.
Graticule: A network of fine lines, dots, cross hairs, or
wires in the focal plane of the eyepiece of an optical
instrument. Gravitational Acceleration: The
acceleration due to the force of gravity. Guardband:
Also called a frequency guard band, a narrow frequency band
between adjacent channels in multiplexing that is kept
unused to prevent the channels from overlapping and causing
crosstalk among modulated signals. Half Life: The
length of time during which half a given number of atoms of
a radioactive element will disintegrate. Half
Thickness: The thickness of absorbing material necessary to
reduce the intensity of radiation by one-half. HCI:
Hydrochloric acid. Heat of Fusion: The amount of heat
needed to melt a unit mass or weight of a substance at its
normal melting point. Heat of Vaporization: Heat
required to vaporize a unit mass or weigh of a liquid at its
normal boiling point. Hertz: The unit of frequency.
Hold Point: Point defined in an appropriate
document, beyond which an activity must not proceed without
the approval of a designated organization or authority.
Hunting: The tendency of a mechanical system to oscillate
about a normal condition, or about the point of alignment.
Hydrometer: A measuring instrument for determining the
specific gravity of a liquid or solid. Hydraulics:
Study of liquids in motion. Hydrostatics: Study of
liquids at rest. Hygrometer: Measuring instrument for
measuring the relative humidity of the atmosphere.
Hysteresis: The property of a measuring instrument where its
response to a given stimulus depends of the sequence of
preceding stimuli. Impedance: The opposition in an
electric circuit to the flow of an alternating current.
Index of Refraction: The ratio of the speed of light in a
vacuum to its speed in a given substance. Inductive
Load: Electrical devices made of wound or coiled wire.
Influence Quantity: Any effect that may influence the
uncertainty associated with a measurement value.
Inertia: The tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest
or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Infinite: Subject to no limitation or external
determination, extending indefinitely. Initialization:
Setting a system to a known state.
Inspection: The process of measuring, examining,
testing, gauging, or otherwise comparing the unit with the
applicable instruments.
Inspection by Attributes: This is inspection
whereby either the unit of product is classified as
conforming or nonconforming, or the number of
nonconformities in the product is counted, with respect to a
given requirement or set of requirements. Instability: An
undesired change over a period of time, which change is
unrelated to input, operating conditions, or load.
Interferometer: Any measuring instrument that uses
interference patterns to make accurate measurements of
waves.
Interpolation: Calculation of the value of a function
between the values already known.
ISO: International Organization for Standardization.
Inversion: The condition that exists when both axes of an
image are reversed.
Inverter: Any mechanical or electrical device for converting
direct current into alternating current.
Jitter: Small, rapid variations in a waveform due to
mechanical disturbances.
Joule: A unit of electrical energy equal to the work done
when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of
one ohm for one second.
Kelvin Temperature Scale: The absolute temperature scale in
the CGS system. Kelvin is equal to degrees Celsius plus
273.15.
Kilogram: One thousand grams.
Kinetic Energy: Energy due to motion.
Level: Perpendicular to the force of gravity.
LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System): A system
that manages operations of a testing laboratory.
Linearity: The degree to which performance or response
approaches the condition of being linear.
Linear Meter: The deflection of the pointer is proportional
to the quantity measured.
Load Cell: A type of force transducer designed primarily for
the measurement of load or weight.
Loading Effects: An error of measurement resulting in a
change of the system under test caused by insertion of the
test instrument.
Lumen: Unit of luminous flux.
Calibration Terms:
A-D
E-L
M-Z
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